AI-Based Maternal Healthcare Monitoring: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: Maternal healthcare monitoring plays a crucial role in reducing maternal mortality and ensuring the well-being of both mother and child. Despite advancements in medical science, many regions, particularly rural and underdeveloped areas, still face challenges such as limited access to healthcare facilities, lack of continuous monitoring, and delayed identification of high-risk pregnancies. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), and digital healthcare technologies have emerged as powerful tools to address these challenges.

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing maternal healthcare monitoring systems that utilize these advanced technologies. The study reviews a wide range of approaches, including machine learning-based risk prediction models, IoT-enabled real-time monitoring systems, mobile health (mHealth) applications, and conversational platforms such as chatbots and IVR systems. A structured classification of these systems is proposed based on their functionality and level of integration.

The paper further provides a comparative analysis of existing solutions in terms of prediction accuracy, accessibility, scalability, and integration capabilities. The survey reveals that while individual technologies have significantly improved maternal healthcare, most existing systems are fragmented and focus on isolated functionalities. A key observation is the absence of a unified system that integrates real-time monitoring, intelligent risk assessment, and accessible user interaction within a single platform.

Finally, the study identifies critical research gaps and highlights future directions for developing scalable, integrated, and inclusive maternal healthcare systems that can effectively address real-world challenges.

Keywords: Maternal Healthcare; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; IoT; Risk Prediction; Healthcare Monitoring; Natural Language Processing; Digital Health Systems; mHealth; Telemedicine.