Development of Fluoride Detection and Alert System for Drinking Water

Abstract: Excess fluoride concentration in drinking water is a major public health concern in many regions. While fluoride in small amounts is beneficial, prolonged exposure to high concentrations can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. This is the development of a low-cost reagent-based fluoride detection and alert system using a colourmetric analysis approach. The system utilizes a fluoride-specific chemical reagent that produces a measurable color change proportional to fluoride concentration. A TCS34725 RGB color sensor captures the intensity variation under controlled white LED illumination. The ESP32 microcontroller processes the RGB values, estimates fluoride concentration through calibration mapping, and compares it with permissible limits. Real-time monitoring and alert notifications are implemented through IoT cloud integration.

Keywords: Fluoride Detection, Colourmetric Analysis, TCS34725, ESP32, IoT Monitoring, Water Quality, Reagent- Based Detection