Li-Fi Technology: A Comprehensive Review of Architecture, Modulation Techniques, and Application

Abstract: Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is a modern wireless communication technology that transmits data using light instead of radio frequencies. Compared to conventional Wi-Fi, it provides more energy economy, improved security, and quicker communication speeds. This study reviews Li-Fi data transmission system architecture, with particular attention paid to key elements such as photodiodes for data reception and LEDs for data transmission. To demonstrate how data is encoded into light signals, various modulation techniques are covered, such as pulse width modulation and on-off keying. Important design factors like ensuring line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver and controlling interference from other light sources are also covered in the study. The possible uses of Li-Fi are being investigated in domains such as indoor networking, healthcare, the Internet of Things, and vehicle communication. Li-Fi has drawbacks like poor coverage and sensitivity to ambient light, despite offering faster bandwidth and greater security. To overcome these obstacles, future research directions are highlighted in the paper's conclusion.

Keywords: Li-Fi Technology, Wireless Communication, Visible Light Communication (VLC), Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), LED Modulation, Photodiodes, Data Transmission, Modulation Techniques, On-Off Keying (OOK), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Line-of-Sight Communication, Ambient Light Interference, High-Speed Connectivity, Energy Efficiency, Indoor Networking, Internet of Things (IoT), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).