An Implementation and Modification of VANET Routing Protocols using Multipath and Multicast Algorithm for Varying Node Density

Abstract: Wireless networks between vehicles formed by VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks). VANET incorporates the wireless communication and data sharing capabilities to turn into vehicles as a network topology. VANET is showing great potential in research area. Inter-vehicle communication system in VANET improves traffic safety. VANET consists of high dynamic topology alternating connectivity Patterned mobility and on board sensors etc. A challenging task in vehicular ad hoc network is routing of data due to its high dynamic behavior. An efficient routing protocol by understanding the dynamic behavior of VANET topology will plays an essential role in communication of vehicles. Mobility of nodes, road topologies are some of the internal factors are presented on the performance of routing protocols. Routing protocols are of mainly categorized into: Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid routing protocols. This paper occurs with performance evaluation of AODV (Ad-Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector) routing protocols based on metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput and average end to end delay. AODV is reactive routing protocol and DSDV is proactive routing protocol. VANET represent a rapidly emerging and challenging class of MANET. In this type of network, each node operates not only as a host but also as a router; promote packets for other mobile nodes. Communication between nodes i.e. vehicles by means of wireless technology has a large potential to improve traffic safety and travel comfort for drivers and passengers. VANET, being an infrastructure-less networks, vehicle will be expected to cooperate to perform essential networking tasks such as routing.In this work, nodes have been used as vehicles and based on evaluation between four mostly used routing protocols Ad hoc on demand distance Vector routing protocol (AODV), DSDV and modified-AODV in VANET scenario. 30 sec time is taken for simulation with varying nodes i.e. 25 nodes, 50 nodes and 75 nodes and 100 nodes. Various mobility have been analyzed here which are 50 m/sec and 100 m/sec and performance has been evaluated on the basis of residual energy, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput and end to end delay with different environments. The simulation study has been completed using network simulator (NS2)tool. In this work we have carried out the detailed analysis of the routing protocols AODV, DSDV and modified AODV and concluded that varying mobility as well as varying node density drastically affects the behavior of the routing protocols.

Keywords: VANET, AODV, DSDV, Modified-AODV, IEEE802.11p, Network Simulator-2.35