Smart Agri sphere: IOT-Powered Farming with Intelligent monitoring and sustainable Energy

Abstract: Smart farming in rural areas faces challenges such as animal intrusions, irregular irrigation, and lack of reliable energy. This paper presents Smart Agri Sphere, an IoT-based system integrating intelligent monitoring, intrusion detection, and sustainable power generation. The system uses an ESP32 with ultrasonic, IR, sound, LDR, and soil-moisture sensors to automate field surveillance and irrigation. Intrusions trigger a buzzer, deterrent lights, andi instant Telegram alerts. A Zn/Cu bio-electrochemical cell, powered by agricultural waste juice, provides a renewable off-grid energy source for sensor operation. The integrated design improves crop protection, reduces water usage, and supports sustainable farming. Results indicate accurate detection, efficient irrigation control, and stable micro-energy generation.

Keywords: Smart farming, IoT, intrusion detection, bio-electrochemical cell, ESP32, sustainable agriculture.