Solar-Powered LoRa Mesh Network for Emergency Communication and Tracking During Disasters

Abstract: The catastrophic failure of cellular and internet infrastructure during natural disasters critically undermines emergency response. This paper presents a resilient and self-sustaining communication system designed to operate independently of all traditional networks. The proposed solution is a solar-powered, decentralized mesh network utilizing LoRa (Long Range) technology built on ESP32 microcontrollers. Each node integrates a NEO-6M GPS module for location tracking and hosts a local web server, creating an offline platform accessible via any standard smartphone. The system provides two critical services: a text-based messaging application and a real-time GPS tracking interface, displaying user locations on an offline map. Field tests validate the network's ability to self-form, route messages efficiently, and maintain operation through its integrated solar power system, presenting a practical tool for restoring essential communication in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.

Keywords: LoRa, Mesh Network, Disaster Communication, ESP32, GPS Tracking, Solar Power, Offline Web Interface, Emergency Management